Recycling used battery Technology

1. Zinc-manganese dry battery

(1) hydrometallurgical method The Act based on Zn, MnO2 soluble acid principle, the dell laptop battery in the Zn, MnO2 with acid to generate soluble salts into the solution, the solution is purified after the electrolytic production of metallic zinc and electrolytic MnO2 or production of other chemical products, fertilizers and so on. Hydrometallurgy is divided into roasting - leaching and direct leaching.

Roasting - leaching of waste batteries are to be roasted, so that one of the ammonium chloride, mercury chloride into a volatile gas and condensate separately at Recycling devices, high-priced metal oxides have been reduced to low-cost oxides, calcination products with acid leaching , then from the leaching solution of electricity Solution Recycling metal, roasting that occurs during the main reaction is:
MeO + C → Me + CO ↑
A (s) → A (g) ↑

Leaching process of the major reactions:
Me +2 H + → Me2 + + H2 ↑
MeO +2 H + → Me2 + + H2O
Electrolysis, the cathode reaction:
Me2 + +2 e → Me
Direct leaching will waste are broken, screening, washing, after one of the direct use of acid leaching of zinc, manganese and other metal elements, by filtration, the filtrate purified from metal extraction and production of chemical products.

Reaction as follows:
MnO2 +4 HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 ↑ +2 H2O
MnO2 +2 HCl → MnCl2 + H2O Mn2O3 +6 HCl → 2MnCl2 + Cl2 ↑ +3 H2O
MnCl2 + NaOH → Mn (OH) 2 +2 NaCl
Mn (OH) 2 + oxidant → MnO2 ↓ +2 HCl
Battery in the form of Zn to ZnO Recycling, reactive as follows:
Zn2 + +2 OH-→ ZnO2-→ Zn (OH) 2 (colloidal amorphous) → ZnO (crystal) + H2O (2)
atmospheric pressure metallurgy method The Act are at a high temperature so that, Discount laptop battery in UK in the metals and their compounds oxidation, reduction, decomposition and evaporation and condensation process.

Method 1: At low temperature, heating waste first make mercury volatilization, then at higher temperatures Recycling zinc and other heavy metals. Two Ways: first at a high temperature calcination, so that one of the volatile volatile metals and their oxides, residues, as Metallurgical between products or be dealt with separately. And atmospheric pressure hydrometallurgical treatment of waste batteries Zhijin technically more sophisticated, SONY VGP-BPL8, but they all have a flow length, many sources of pollution, investment and high consumption, integrated low cost-effectiveness of common disadvantage.

In 1996, Japan TDK renewable technology companies made a bold reform, change for Recycling Recycling of metal to do a single magnetic material. This approach simplifies the separation process, so that the cost of greatly reduced, thus substantially improve the effectiveness of recycling SONY VGP-BPL9. In recent years, people also try to start the research and development of a new metallurgical method - vacuum metallurgy method: Based on the various components of used batteries at the same temperature have different vapor pressure, in a vacuum through evaporation and condensation, so that it separately at different temperatures in order to realize comprehensive utilization of the mutual separation and recycling.

Yes because in a vacuum, the atmosphere did not take part in operation, it reduces pollution. Although the present vacuum metallurgy method was small, toshiba pa3384u-1bas, and also a lack of corresponding economic indicators, but it obviously overcomes the atmospheric pressure hydrometallurgical method and the metallurgical method to remove the deficiencies, which will become a promising approach.

2. Ni-Cd Battery Ni-Cd batteries contain many Ni, Cd and Fe, are one of Ni steel, electrical, non-ferrous alloys, electroplating, etc. essential raw materials. Yes Cd batteries, pigments and alloys of rare metals used, etc., and are toxic heavy metals, it is carried out in Japan earlier that every nickel of waste battery recycling research and development, SONY VGP-BPS14,Sony VGP-BPS15 the process also has two types of dry and wet. Do law and its main use of cadmium oxide and high vapor pressure, at a high temperature so that evaporation of cadmium and nickel separation. Wet type of waste batteries after crushing, together with sulfuric acid leaching followed by H2S isolated cadmium.

3. Lead-acid batteries The larger lead-acid Toshiba PA3166U-1BRS, Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS and lead toxic, so in all types of batteries, a pioneer in recycling, so the process is also more refined and constantly developing. At Recycling Spent lead-acid battery technology, mud slag treatment is the key, waste lead-acid battery mud slag phase is mainly PbSO4, PbO2, PbO, Pb and so on. PbO2 are one of the major components, which fill in the anode and mixed filler weight percentage of 41% ~ 46% and 24% ~ 28%. Therefore, PbO2 reduction effect on the entire recovery technology has an important impact, and its reduction process has two types of fire and wet.
Pyrometallurgical PbO2 and mud are the other components of Java PbSO4, PbO, etc. together in metallurgical smelting reduction furnace into Pb. However, because of high-temperature Pb produce SO2 and dust pollutants in the second, and high energy consumption and a low utilization rate, it will gradually be eliminated. Wet conditions are in solution so that PbO2 add reductant into a low-cost state to restore the lead compounds. Have tried many types of reducing agent there is. Of these, sulfuric acid solution in order to restore the PbO2 method FeSO4 more desirable, and capable of industrial application value. Sulfuric acid solution FeSO4 restore PbO2, the process can be used to restore the following formula, said:
PbO2 (solid) +2 FeSO4 (liquid) +2 H2SO4 (liquid) → PbSO4 (solid) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (liquid) +2 H2O This method to restore the process of stability and speed, but also make mud residue of metallic lead completely transformed, and is conducive to the reduction of PbO2: Pb (solid) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (liquid) → PbSO4 (solid) +2 FeSO4 (liquid) Pb (solid) + PbO (solid) +2 H2SO4 (liquid) → 2PbSO4 (solid) +2 H2O

Reducing agent can make use of steel pickling wastewater prepared to scrap waste governance. Ni-MH, a new type of lithium-ion batteries in recent years as handheld phones and electronic devices has been the development of many applications. In Japan, Ni-MH battery production in 1992 reached 18,000,000 in 1993, Tatsu 70 million, by 2000 the market share accounted for nearly 50%. It can be expected in the near future, there will be many waste generated Ni-MH battery. These waste Ni-MH battery positive and negative electrode materials contain many useful metals, such as nickel, cobalt, rare earth and so on.

Therefore, the recovery of Ni-MH batteries are very beneficial, the regeneration of their use of technology in a positive development. Technology, especially information technology, the world demand for batteries will increase rather than decrease, with the attendant pollution caused by batteries and natural energy consumption will also be greatly increased. Although a variety of recycling technology is getting more sophisticated but, after all, a palliative. Therefore scientists have proposed the development of environmental protection and sustainable development in favor of a new type of green environmental protection battery. New type of battery is the green environmental protection in recent years have been put into use or are being developed for a class of high-performance, non-polluting batteries.

Has been substantial use nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, is promote the use of mercury-free alkaline zinc manganese dioxide primary batteries and rechargeable batteries fall into this category; being developed polymer lithium or lithium-ion, fuel batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors and other energy storage could also be included in this category. From humans invented the first since the lead-acid batteries, chemical batteries have a 140-year history, the family is also growing. However, mass production of the battery caused by the consumption of resources and waste battery brought by environmental pollution are obvious to all.

As early as 1992, Brazil at the World Conference on Environment and Development adopted Agenda 21 has been clearly put forward the principle of sustainable development. Live in harmony with the earth and take the protection of the environment and sustainable development, industrial development are the trend of the times. Strengthen the environmental management of scrap : introduction of the corresponding regulations and policies and to constantly improve and develop recycling used battery technology, expanding the scope of recovery, even if not in a position to have to deal with the corresponding measures, such as landfill disposal. Recycling technology should move to reduce costs and try to avoid secondary pollution direction.

At the same time take the development of new green environmental protection battery road: the development of high-energy and pollution-free green, will be in manufacturing at the beginning of environmental pollution and resource consumption to a minimum. So that the production and recycling into a virtuous circle can be truly conducive to the public also harmless to the people, sound natural.