Sunday, March 22, 2009

Recycling used battery Technology

1. Zinc-manganese dry battery

(1) hydrometallurgical method The Act based on Zn, MnO2 soluble acid principle, the dell laptop battery in the Zn, MnO2 with acid to generate soluble salts into the solution, the solution is purified after the electrolytic production of metallic zinc and electrolytic MnO2 or production of other chemical products, fertilizers and so on. Hydrometallurgy is divided into roasting - leaching and direct leaching.

Roasting - leaching of waste batteries are to be roasted, so that one of the ammonium chloride, mercury chloride into a volatile gas and condensate separately at Recycling devices, high-priced metal oxides have been reduced to low-cost oxides, calcination products with acid leaching , then from the leaching solution of electricity Solution Recycling metal, roasting that occurs during the main reaction is:
MeO + C → Me + CO ↑
A (s) → A (g) ↑

Leaching process of the major reactions:
Me +2 H + → Me2 + + H2 ↑
MeO +2 H + → Me2 + + H2O
Electrolysis, the cathode reaction:
Me2 + +2 e → Me
Direct leaching will waste are broken, screening, washing, after one of the direct use of acid leaching of zinc, manganese and other metal elements, by filtration, the filtrate purified from metal extraction and production of chemical products.

Reaction as follows:
MnO2 +4 HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 ↑ +2 H2O
MnO2 +2 HCl → MnCl2 + H2O Mn2O3 +6 HCl → 2MnCl2 + Cl2 ↑ +3 H2O
MnCl2 + NaOH → Mn (OH) 2 +2 NaCl
Mn (OH) 2 + oxidant → MnO2 ↓ +2 HCl
Battery in the form of Zn to ZnO Recycling, reactive as follows:
Zn2 + +2 OH-→ ZnO2-→ Zn (OH) 2 (colloidal amorphous) → ZnO (crystal) + H2O (2)
atmospheric pressure metallurgy method The Act are at a high temperature so that, Discount laptop battery in UK in the metals and their compounds oxidation, reduction, decomposition and evaporation and condensation process.

Method 1: At low temperature, heating waste first make mercury volatilization, then at higher temperatures Recycling zinc and other heavy metals. Two Ways: first at a high temperature calcination, so that one of the volatile volatile metals and their oxides, residues, as Metallurgical between products or be dealt with separately. And atmospheric pressure hydrometallurgical treatment of waste batteries Zhijin technically more sophisticated, SONY VGP-BPL8, but they all have a flow length, many sources of pollution, investment and high consumption, integrated low cost-effectiveness of common disadvantage.

In 1996, Japan TDK renewable technology companies made a bold reform, change for Recycling Recycling of metal to do a single magnetic material. This approach simplifies the separation process, so that the cost of greatly reduced, thus substantially improve the effectiveness of recycling SONY VGP-BPL9. In recent years, people also try to start the research and development of a new metallurgical method - vacuum metallurgy method: Based on the various components of used batteries at the same temperature have different vapor pressure, in a vacuum through evaporation and condensation, so that it separately at different temperatures in order to realize comprehensive utilization of the mutual separation and recycling.

Yes because in a vacuum, the atmosphere did not take part in operation, it reduces pollution. Although the present vacuum metallurgy method was small, toshiba pa3384u-1bas, and also a lack of corresponding economic indicators, but it obviously overcomes the atmospheric pressure hydrometallurgical method and the metallurgical method to remove the deficiencies, which will become a promising approach.

2. Ni-Cd Battery Ni-Cd batteries contain many Ni, Cd and Fe, are one of Ni steel, electrical, non-ferrous alloys, electroplating, etc. essential raw materials. Yes Cd batteries, pigments and alloys of rare metals used, etc., and are toxic heavy metals, it is carried out in Japan earlier that every nickel of waste battery recycling research and development, SONY VGP-BPS14,Sony VGP-BPS15 the process also has two types of dry and wet. Do law and its main use of cadmium oxide and high vapor pressure, at a high temperature so that evaporation of cadmium and nickel separation. Wet type of waste batteries after crushing, together with sulfuric acid leaching followed by H2S isolated cadmium.

3. Lead-acid batteries The larger lead-acid Toshiba PA3166U-1BRS, Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS and lead toxic, so in all types of batteries, a pioneer in recycling, so the process is also more refined and constantly developing. At Recycling Spent lead-acid battery technology, mud slag treatment is the key, waste lead-acid battery mud slag phase is mainly PbSO4, PbO2, PbO, Pb and so on. PbO2 are one of the major components, which fill in the anode and mixed filler weight percentage of 41% ~ 46% and 24% ~ 28%. Therefore, PbO2 reduction effect on the entire recovery technology has an important impact, and its reduction process has two types of fire and wet.
Pyrometallurgical PbO2 and mud are the other components of Java PbSO4, PbO, etc. together in metallurgical smelting reduction furnace into Pb. However, because of high-temperature Pb produce SO2 and dust pollutants in the second, and high energy consumption and a low utilization rate, it will gradually be eliminated. Wet conditions are in solution so that PbO2 add reductant into a low-cost state to restore the lead compounds. Have tried many types of reducing agent there is. Of these, sulfuric acid solution in order to restore the PbO2 method FeSO4 more desirable, and capable of industrial application value. Sulfuric acid solution FeSO4 restore PbO2, the process can be used to restore the following formula, said:
PbO2 (solid) +2 FeSO4 (liquid) +2 H2SO4 (liquid) → PbSO4 (solid) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (liquid) +2 H2O This method to restore the process of stability and speed, but also make mud residue of metallic lead completely transformed, and is conducive to the reduction of PbO2: Pb (solid) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (liquid) → PbSO4 (solid) +2 FeSO4 (liquid) Pb (solid) + PbO (solid) +2 H2SO4 (liquid) → 2PbSO4 (solid) +2 H2O

Reducing agent can make use of steel pickling wastewater prepared to scrap waste governance. Ni-MH, a new type of lithium-ion batteries in recent years as handheld phones and electronic devices has been the development of many applications. In Japan, Ni-MH battery production in 1992 reached 18,000,000 in 1993, Tatsu 70 million, by 2000 the market share accounted for nearly 50%. It can be expected in the near future, there will be many waste generated Ni-MH battery. These waste Ni-MH battery positive and negative electrode materials contain many useful metals, such as nickel, cobalt, rare earth and so on.

Therefore, the recovery of Ni-MH batteries are very beneficial, the regeneration of their use of technology in a positive development. Technology, especially information technology, the world demand for batteries will increase rather than decrease, with the attendant pollution caused by batteries and natural energy consumption will also be greatly increased. Although a variety of recycling technology is getting more sophisticated but, after all, a palliative. Therefore scientists have proposed the development of environmental protection and sustainable development in favor of a new type of green environmental protection battery. New type of battery is the green environmental protection in recent years have been put into use or are being developed for a class of high-performance, non-polluting batteries.

Has been substantial use nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, is promote the use of mercury-free alkaline zinc manganese dioxide primary batteries and rechargeable batteries fall into this category; being developed polymer lithium or lithium-ion, fuel batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors and other energy storage could also be included in this category. From humans invented the first since the lead-acid batteries, chemical batteries have a 140-year history, the family is also growing. However, mass production of the battery caused by the consumption of resources and waste battery brought by environmental pollution are obvious to all.

As early as 1992, Brazil at the World Conference on Environment and Development adopted Agenda 21 has been clearly put forward the principle of sustainable development. Live in harmony with the earth and take the protection of the environment and sustainable development, industrial development are the trend of the times. Strengthen the environmental management of scrap : introduction of the corresponding regulations and policies and to constantly improve and develop recycling used battery technology, expanding the scope of recovery, even if not in a position to have to deal with the corresponding measures, such as landfill disposal. Recycling technology should move to reduce costs and try to avoid secondary pollution direction.

At the same time take the development of new green environmental protection battery road: the development of high-energy and pollution-free green, will be in manufacturing at the beginning of environmental pollution and resource consumption to a minimum. So that the production and recycling into a virtuous circle can be truly conducive to the public also harmless to the people, sound natural.

Monday, October 20, 2008

4 tips to extend the life of your laptop battery

On a recent stopover at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, I flipped open my laptop PC, hoping to chip away at the 7,000-some e-mail messages that had accumulated since leaving Anchorage, Alaska, four hours earlier.

"Don't even think about it," my laptop screen flashed back at me contemptuously (I'm paraphrasing the error message a little here). "I'm out of juice."

And then, before I could find an electrical outlet — Sea Tac has recently increased the number of available outlets, by the way; finally a reprieve for business travelers whose budget for airline club membership has been cut — the laptop expired.

The irony, of course, is that I had spent most of the previous week researching this column on how to extend your PC's battery life while you're on the road.

In a 2002 survey by chipmaker Intel, 57% of laptop users said they wished their batteries lasted longer. And that is wishful thinking, according to Isidor Buchmann, president and founder of Cadex Electronics in Vancouver, B.C., Canada. He suggests that although batteries become about 10% more efficient every year,the average PC's power needs also increase by about the same amount. Result: The average battery life is still painfully short (just three to four hours for most laptop models).

But you don't have to end up sitting in a waiting area, staring at a darkened screen, like I was. Here are four tried-and-true tips to extend the life of your laptop battery. Why should you take advice from a guy who couldn't keep his own unit charged? Read on if you want to hear my sad excuse.

1. Power down all nonessential functions.

Switch it off if you're not using it. Many business travelers already know that you don't want to take the DVD player for a spin on the plane, and that every time you hit "save" it can set the hard-drive whirring, which devours even more power. "But users often also forget to turn off their wireless card when they are no longer using it but are still using their computer," notes Mike Fuller, executive vice president of PC Laptops, a Sandy, Utah, laptop manufacturer. "When the wireless card is on, it still continually searches for networks." In Windows XP, click on "Power Options" in your control panel. It allows you to reduce the power consumption of any number of your computer devices or of your entire system.

2. Stay out of extreme temperatures.

The technology that powers you battery isn't terribly complicated. But it's important to understand a little bit about the chemistry behind batteries, and how that can affect your work. Specifically, temperatures can affect the performance of your battery. It's best to use (and especially charge) your batteries at room temperatures. Extreme conditions can drain your battery quickly. Also, avoid partial charges and use the battery until it is dead. Battery experts liken partial charges — and discharges — to eating a cup of lard every day. It significantly shortens your battery's life. Considering that a lithium-ion battery can explode if it's improperly used, it could also shorten your life.


3. Let your laptop do the saving.

Not every computing device handles a power source in the same way. Some of the more sophisticated laptops, which are designed with business travelers in mind, are misers when it comes to using power. And that's a good thing — if you can remember to take advantage of it.

"Most users make the mistake of simply not choosing to use a product's built-in ability to conserve battery life," says Dan Coffman, a senior product manager for PC manufacturer ViewSonic. How do you harness your PC's built-in ability to save? Consult your user manual. Often, calibrating your laptop is as easy as double-clicking on the battery icon in the toolbar.

4. Always, always carry a spare device that uses batteries.

How obvious is that? Well, if you're trying to keep under the onerous new airline weight-limits, it isn't. But as Rick Thompson, director of engineering at Valence Technology in Austin, Texas, observes, "the availability of 'free' power outside of your hotel room is not predictable." That's a nice way of saying it. In fact, I sometimes think airport terminals, car-rental facilities and hotels try to hide the power outlets from us to keep us from accessing their free power. Thompson recommends a system that can simultaneously charge a second portable device such as a cell phone or PDA, allowing you to multitask your battery operations.

If you've stuck with me long enough to hear my pitiful excuse for running my
laptop battery down, here it is: My 2-year-old-son, Aren, uses my laptop to watch "The Wiggles" while I'm on the road (if you don't know who "The Wiggles" are, consider yourself fortunate). Aren decided to pull the power chord while he was watching an episode and used up all the power to run the DVD player. By the time I got to the PC, all the juice was gone.

I should probably thank Aren. He taught me how fast a DVD can run down a lithium-ion battery (in almost no time). Incidentally, he's also demonstrated how impact-resistant a battery
can be (surprisingly) and that at least some of those warnings about the battery coming into contact with liquids are exaggerated. You'd be amazed at how well a battery holds up to liquids, especially whole milk.

Reality (battery) check

If you rely on a battery to get work done while you're away, you should, however, give yourself a reality check. Because while batteries can extend your productivity while you're on the road — in a plane, at a remote site or sitting in hotel lobby — they won't last you long enough. And if Buchmann is correct, they never will last you long enough.

I mean, even if you've taken all of these precautions, you can probably still think of several instances where you had a brilliant argument on the tip of your fingers, only to have the laptop power down under a faltering battery. I took the steps, and even without my toddler's interference, it was probably only a matter of time before my battery ran dry at an inopportune time.

The point is, while these tips will help extend the life of your battery, they won't make them last indefinitely. PC manufacturers may make it seem as if their laptops will run forever, but most of us know otherwise.



the original article: http://www.microsoft.com/smallbusiness/resources/technology/broadband-mobility/4-tips-to-extend-the-life-of-your-laptop-battery.aspx#tipstoextendthelifeofyourlaptopbattery

see more details at: http://www.laptopbatteryretail.com/

Thursday, September 11, 2008

Laptop Battery Tips

What is a MilliAmp Hour (MAH)?


MilliAmp Hour means how much current a battery will discharge over a period of one hour. Higher numbers here reflect a long battery runtime and or higher storage capacity. Higher MAH ratings do not necessarily reflect on speed but more on runtime. For example a 2000 mAh pack will sustain a 2000 milli amp (2 amp) draw for one hour before dropping to a voltage level that is considered discharged. A 1700 will sustain a 1700 mAh (1.7 amp) draw for one hour. 1000 mAH is equal to a 1 Amp Hour (AH) rating.

What is the "Memory Effect"?


What this means is that if a battery is repeatedly only partially discharged before recharging, the battery "forgets" that it has the capacity to further discharge all the way down. To illustrate: If you, on a regular basis, fully charge your battery and then use only 50% of its capacity before the next recharge, eventually the battery will become unaware of its extra 50% capacity which has remained unused. The battery will remain functional, but only at 50% of its original capacity. The way to avoid the dreaded "memory effect" is to fully cycle (fully charge and then fully discharge) the battery at least once every two to three weeks. Batteries can be discharged by unplugging the device's AC adapter and letting the device run on the battery until it ceases to function. This will insure your battery remains healthy.


What is the difference between a NiCad and NiMH chemistry battery?


The main difference between the two is the fact that NiMH batteries (the newer of the two technologies) offer higher energy densities than NiCad's. In other words, pound for pound, NiMH delivers approximately twice the capacity of its NiCad counterpart. What this translates into is increased run-time from the battery with no additional bulk to weigh down your portable device. NiMH also offers another major advantage: NiCad batteries tend to suffer from what is called the "memory effect". NiMH batteries are less prone to develop this dreaded affliction and thus require less maintenance and care. NiMH batteries are also more environmentally friendly than their NiCad counterparts since they do not contain heavy metals (which present serious landfill problems).

Upgrade my Laptop Battery from NiMH to Li-Ion:


NiCad, NiMH and Li-Ion Laptop Battery are all fundamentally different from one another and cannot be substituted unless the laptop has been pre-configured from the manufacturer to accept more than one type of battery chemistry. Please refer to your manual to find out which rechargeable battery types the laptop device supports or use our toshiba Laptop Battery Finder above to find all the compatible Laptop Battery for your device. It will automatically list all of the battery chemistries supported by your specific device. If your device does allow you to upgrade the battery from NiMH to Li-Ion, you will typically get longer run times.


For example, if your Laptop Battery uses a NI-MH battery that is 9.6 Volts, 4000mAh and the new li-ion Laptop Battery is 14.4 Volt, 3600mAh, then you will obtain longer run time with the li-ion battery.
Example.
Li-Ion: 14.4 Volts x 3.6 Amperes = 51.84 Watt Hours
Ni-MH: 9.6 Volts x 4 Amperes = 38.4 Watt Hours

The Li-Ion is stronger and has longer run time.

How can I maximize the performance of my Laptop Battery?


There are several steps you can take to help you get maximum performance from your Laptop Battery:


Prevent the Memory Effect - Keep the Laptop Battery healthy by fully charging and then fully discharging it at least once every two to three weeks. Exceptions to the rule are Li-Ion batteries which do not suffer from the memory effect.


Keep the Laptop Battery Clean - It's a good idea to clean dirty battery contacts with a cotton swab and alcohol. This helps maintain a good connection between the battery and the portable device.


Exercise the Battery - Do not leave the battery dormant for long periods of time. We recommend using the battery at least once every two to three weeks. If a Laptop Battery has not been used for a long period of time, perform the new battery break in procedure described above.


Battery Storage - If you don't plan on using the Laptop Battery for a month or more, store it in a clean, dry, cool place away from heat and metal objects. NiCad, NiMH and Li-Ion batteries will self-discharge during storage; remember to recharge the batteries before use.

What is the run time of abatteryweb's Laptop Battery?


toshiba Laptop Battery have two main ratings on them: Volts and Amperes. Because size and weight of Laptop Battery is limited when compared to larger batteries such as car batteries, most companies show their ratings with Volts and Milliamperes. One thousand Milliamperes equals 1 Ampere. When buying a battery, select batteries with the most Milliamperes (or mAh).

Batteries are also rated by Watt-Hours, perhaps the simplest rating of all. This is found by multiplying the Volts and the Amperes together.

For example:
14.4 Volts, 4000mAh (Note: 4000mAh is equal to 4.0 Amperes).
14.4 x 4.0 = 57.60 Watt-Hours
Watt-Hours signifies the energy needed to power one watt for one hour. This toshiba Laptop Battery can power 57.60 watts for one hour. If your laptop runs at 20.50 watts, as an example, this Laptop Battery could power your Laptop Battery for 2.8 hours.

Understanding your Notebook Battery Needs:


We strive to make you Laptop Battery purchases easy. Since we understand that finding the right batteries for your needs can be overwhelming and confusing at times we developed a Laptop Batteryfinder tool to help find the right size for the make and model of your equipment. We also offer educational articles and tips to help you conserve your batteries and understand common problems. By us providing education you are able to make the right purchasing decisions as well as provide proper care for all of your electronics.

Monday, September 8, 2008

Laptop Battery Maintenance and How to calculate the use of time

When you are buying laptops or digital cameras, its original statement, the battery would normally be used for reference, this is how calculated? With machine power consumption (power consumption) and the battery capacity is very much related. To maintain a Taiwan notebook computer operations, many parts needed to complete the drive, such as: CPU computing, the hard drive motor rotation read data access, display the current situation…. etc. These have to rely on battery power supply to operate, and these component is the source of power, the overall increase in the total power consumption, which is the laptop's power consumption, the unit: Wh (kilowatt-hours), on behalf of the number of watts per hour consumption. "watts (W) "Power unit, the product of voltage and current (W = V * I), the voltage to maintain the operation of laptop basic working voltage, current operation depends on the situation, and there are different power consumption, such as open DVD and speakers high power consumption, low-standby power consumption, so the whole, the consumption machine is not fixed, but a low power consumption of high status.

Imagine a battery is filled with the electric kettle, if capacity of 5000 mAh, if mA per hour in 1000, the discharge rate will be released, about five hours on battery power End was released, the machine is 1000 mA power consumption, so when you laptop power consumption is 30 Wh, and your battery specifications 14.4 V, 3600mAh, your battery is about the use of time: 14.4 V * 3.6Ah / 30Wh = 1.728 hours. Therefore, when you buy one with the battery, Specifications for the 14.4 V, 4000mAh battery, the time available to about 1.92 hours

Tuesday, August 26, 2008

Laptop Batteries Power Cord, AC Adapters and Digital Photo Frames

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Tuesday, August 19, 2008

Seven Tips for Better Laptop Battery Life

On a long flight, you are ready to hunker down and get some work finished, only to discover that your notebook battery is plunging toward the red zone an hour after take off? That's why we've gathered these simple tips that will preserve your notebook's juice and boost your productivity.

1. Sleep is good use

the operating system's power-management features (in Windows XP, under Power Options in the Control Panel; or in Vista, under Mobile PC in the Control Panel) to set aggressive targets for when the display will go dark (Usually after five minutes of inactivity) and when the machine will slip into sleep mode (no longer than ten minutes of inactivity). And if you can spare the extra time it takes for the machine to resume, set the PC to hibernate, not just sleep, when you close the lid.

2. Don't be performance hungry

unless you're running high-order mathematical calculations on that long plane ride, chances are you don't need all the processing power your CPU is capable of giving. So in Vista, select the "Power saver" power plan (found in the Control Panel, in the Power Options section) to extend battery life when on DC power, and leave the 3D gaming for when you're near an AC outlet.

3. Dim the lights

turn down the brightness of the LCD panel (via the Function-key combo, or in the Control Panel's Display Settings dialog) to the lowest level you can tolerate. The backlight sucks power like the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree.

4. Banish Non-Essential Components

When you aren't actively using the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and IR radios, turn them off (via the hard switch, if your PC has it, or in the appropriate utility set), so they don't trickle you dry trying to connect. Also, use USB-attached devices only when absolutely necessary. They aren't getting their power from positive ions in the air, you know.

5. Watch Scheduled Tasks

Be sure that your periodic virus scan is set to a time when you're usually plugged in; running a full-disk virus check keeps the hard drive and CPU fully engaged for the better part of an hour.

6. Lay Off the Multimedia

A little in-flight music is nice while you construct that PowerPoint presentation, but streaming music from your hard drive (or playing a CD) means the disk (or disc) is always spinning.

7. Get More Juice

Let everyone else fight over that free AC outlet. Designed to sit under neath your notebook, the Notebook Battery can provide up to six hours of endurance using its lithium polymer technology. It comes with a variety of notebook tips and features selectable output voltages.